Roller Conveyor Systems in Industry

By Simon Actone

A conveyor system is used to move materials from one place to the other. These systems are very convenient for transporting bulky objects. These machines are particularly useful for remodelling work where huge amounts of debris need to be removed from inside an existing structure.

A modular design of the conveyor line facilitates carriage of materials round corners and the length and position of the line can be adjusted according to the working area. Conveyors are a reliable, efficient and economical solution for movement of materials to and from a construction site.

Among the different types of conveyors, the powered roller conveyors are very popular particularly in the warehousing and logistics industry. The roller conveyors are stronger, last longer than belt conveyors and can carry the heaviest of loads. They move with the help of bearings. Some manufactures supply pre-lubricated bearings which minimize maintenance cost to a great extent.

The rollers used in conveyors are made from mild steel, stainless steel, PVC or aluminum. The Food processing industry uses stainless steel or PVC rollers which are custom designed to spray water, thereby washing the materials being carried. Rollers used in conveyors are of various types:- Gravity rollers High speed or low noise rollers Grooved Rollers Corrosion resistant rollers Chain Driven rollers

Roller conveyor systems used in the manufacturing and distributing applications are of three major types. The choice of the system is based on the purpose of its usage.

Gravity roller conveyors are non-powered and the rollers are supported on shafts by bearings. Formed or structural punched frames contain these shafts by either retaining pins or internal springs. Since the roller conveyor is driven by gravity, the product can be free-wheeled manually (horizontally) or the product can be allowed to fall over a certain distance with a slight decline.

A single shaft runs below the rollers for the entire length of the conveyor frame in case of lineshaft roller conveyors. On the shaft there are a series of spools; one spool for each roller. Rubber o-rings connect spools on the powered shaft with individual rollers. The shaft is then powered by an electric motor and the rubber o-ring acts as a chain between the spool and the roller causing rotation. The product is pushed along the conveyor by the rotational movement of the rollers.

Pallet roller conveyors consist of thick walled rollers with sprockets attached to the ends that connect the rollers to the motor and facilitate the rotation of the rollers. There are different ways the pallet conveyor systems are driven. This type of systems may have chain to chain or tangential, or one common chain drive mechanism. The side frame in pallet conveyors is fully enclosed and an external shaft mounted motor is present. These conveyors have electronically switched "accumulation zones" and different sections of the conveyor can effectively run at different speeds, or stop altogether, independently of one another. - 26221

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